A pioneering study by Volkmann (1858) revealed that training on a tactile discrimination task improved task performance, indicative of tactile learning, and that such tactile learning transferred from trained to untrained body parts. However, the neural mechanisms underlying tactile learning and transfer of tactile learning have remained unclear. We trained groups of human subjects (female and male) in daily sessions on a tactile discrimination task either by stimulating the palm of the right hand or the sole of the right foot. Task performance prior to training was similar between the palm and sole. Posttraining transfer of tactile learning was greater from the trained right sole to the untrained right palm than from the trained right palm to the untrained right sole. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate pattern classification analysis revealed that the somatotopic representation of the right palm in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex was coactivated during tactile stimulation of...