Sensory experience during a critical period alters sensory cortical responses and organization. We find that the earliest sound-driven activity in the mouse auditory cortex (ACX) starts before ear-canal opening (ECO). The effects of auditory experience before ECO on ACX development are unknown. We find that in mouse ACX Subplate neurons (SPNs), crucial in thalamocortical maturation, respond to sounds before ECO showing oddball selectivity. Before ECO, SPNs are more selective to oddball sounds in auditory streams than thalamo-recipient Layer 4 (L4) neurons and not after ECO. We hypothesize that SPN’s oddball selectivity can direct the development of L4 responses before ECO. Exposing mice, of either sex, before ECO to a rarely occurring tone in a stream of another tone occurring frequently leads to strengthening the adult cortical representation of the rare tone, but not that of the frequent tone. Results of control exposure experiments at multiple developmental windows that also use only a single tone corro...