In appetitive signaled barpressing (ASB) rats learn to press a bar during a 1 sec tone for food pellet reinforcement. Garraghty and colleagues have demonstrated that antiepileptic drugs and lesions of the NBM disrupted transfer from ASB to an aversive form of the task but did not disrupt the initial acquisition of the appetitive task (e.g., Butt et. al., IP&BS, 38, 2003). A number of studies suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is necessary for performance in a variety of learning tasks. For example, coincident blocking of NMDA and dopamine D1 receptors in the mPFC disrupted acquisition on an appetitive instrumental task (Baldwin et. al., J. Neurosci., 22, 2002) and antagonism of NMDA receptors in the mPFC impaired trace conditioning in rabbit eyelid conditioning (Takehara et. al., SFN Abstracts, 81.11, 2003). Lesions of the mPFC impaired memory in a water maze task (Kim & Baxter, SFN Abstracts, 940.8, 2003) and blocked recall of extinction in a conditioned fear task (Quirk et. al., J. Neurosci...