Prior studies in rats and monkeys have shown that Ampakines can improve performance in cognitive tasks requiring short-term memory (Hampson et al. J. Neurosci. 1998; Hampson et al. SFN Abstr. 2003). In rats performing a spatial delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task, Ampakines increase overall accuracy of performance and enhance trial-specific encoding by CA1 and CA3 neurons. In addition, Ampakines extended performance on DNMS trials to delays that were much longer than those in which the animal was trained (i.e. 60 vs. 30 sec). We have expanded these studies to rhesus macaque monkeys performing a visual delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task. Ampakines improved monkeys' performance accuracy in the DMS task by 10-20% in a dose-dependent manner, and again, enhanced firing of CA1 and CA3 neurons that encoded information critical to completion of the DMS trial. Multivariate discriminant analyses have identified response latency and accuracy factors during monkey DMS sessions that correlate with the behavioral per...