Magnetic resonance imaging of rats and mice provides detailed information in animal models of a variety of diseases: heart disease (Franco et al., 1999), prostate cancer (Hsu et al., 1998), osteoarthritis (Munasinghe et al., 1996), and in C57/Bl/6 and ApoE-deficient mice following cerebral ischemia (McDaniel et al, 2001). As part of ongoing research, the Mouse Atlas Project, we have used image analysis software developed for human brain imaging to create a multi-subject brain atlas of normal, adult male, C57Bl/6 mice. T2-weighted MRM images were acquired (RARE 3D imaging protocol (8 echoes), matrix dimensions = 256 x 256 x 512; FOV = 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 3.0 cm; repetition time = 1500 ms; effective time = 10 ms; number of averages = 4). Following manual skull stripping of the images, we created a linearly aligned common brain from the extracted brains using two stages of registration and then using a non-linear 168 parameter model registered each of the brains to this standard using AIR 5.2.5 (Woods et. al., ...

Size relationships between the whole brain and its components are highly conserved on a broad taxonomic level. But, with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analyses, Rilling and Insel (1998) showed that cerebellar volume is not predictable from whole brain volume across primates. To test the generalizability of these findings, we analyzed the cerebellum-whole brain relationship in another large brained mammal, dolphins. Fresh whole brain and cerebellum weights were obtained from 31 early postmortem adult common and bottlenose dolphins. Whole brain and cerebellum volumes for 4 additional dolphins were obtained from T1-weighted postmortem MRI scans using image analysis software (Scion IMAGE). Log weight (or volume from MRIs) of the cerebellum was regressed on log whole brain minus cerebellum (weight or volume) for dolphins, apes, monkeys, and humans separately and a line fitted through each sample. A General Linear Model was used to test for significant differences in the regression slopes and intercepts for e...

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has enjoyed a privileged position as an assay of the functional connectivity of the brain. Task fMRI, on the other hand, has not been given the same privilege. The dominance of resting state fMR...

Adult neural activity as studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) occurs at a relatively low frequency spectrum (0.001 to 0.3Hz). In the first year of postnatal life, there is a drastic shift from global slow frequencies ...

The concept of “fake news” has gained attention in the past few years, but the neural processes underlying the encoding and retrieval of false news stories in the political context remain to be elucidated. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (...

This study takes advantage of continuing advances in the precision of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify hippocampal volumes in a series of human subjects with a history of depression compared with controls. We sought to test the hypothesis that both age and duration of past depression would be inversely and independently correlated with hippocampal volume. A sample of 24 women ranging in age from 23 to 86 years with a history of recurrent major depression, but no medical comorbidity, and 24 case-matched controls underwent MRI scanning. Subjects with a history of depression (post-depressed) had smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally than controls. Post-depressives also had smaller amygdala core nuclei volumes, and these volumes correlated with hippocampal volumes. In addition, post-depressives scored lower in verbal memory, a neuropsychological measure of hippocampal function, suggesting that the volume loss was related to an aspect of cognitive functioning. In contrast, there was no difference ...

The present event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (er-fMRI, 3T GE) study examined cortical activation in response to water. Eighteen participants participated in two er-fMRI sessions. During the scan participants engaged in 2 functional ru...

Recent studies suggest an effect of estrogen on neural correlates of emotional processing. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, using quantitative analysis of ovarian hormone levels in a within-subjects study design to comp...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been theorized to involve deficits in reward processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the neural response to reward anticipation and outcome in 10 adults with ADHD an...

In this study, the contribution of the hippocampus to long-term memory (LTM) recollection is investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous studies have shown that the hippocampus is active for encoding and retrieval of memori...