Despite its potential as an addictive drug, nicotine’s system level effect remains elusive. The enhanced cognition during acute nicotine exposure may underlie the rewarding effects that initiate addiction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of...

Both electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that affective pictures elicit enhanced visual processing relative to neutral pictures. The latency of this enhanced visual processing, as indexed by t...

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare functional connectivity patterns across cortical brain regions utilizing resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in patients with chronic migraine (CM) before and after treatment...

Neural-based reconstruction of image stimuli has been previously achieved with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data as well as, more recently, with electroencephalography (EEG) data. However, a comparison of different modalities regarding t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the early- and late-phase brain lesion in experimental stroke models. Repeated in vivo qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as T2-, proton density (PD)- and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)- maps, and perfusion MRI. Under Isoflurane anaestesia male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to a focal penumbra lesion (the early phase) or a focal pan-necrotic lesion (the late phase) in the sensori-motor cortex on the right side. The rats were than examined at the following time points, less than 3h, 6h, 12h and 24 h after the onset of the lesion. All MR measurements were made on a Biospec Avance 4.7Tesla spectrometer. Determination of T2 was done by the multislice multiecho experiment (MSME) and determination of the ADC was made by a conventional spin echo experiment. A bolus of a blood-pool contrast agent (Endorem, Guerbet, France, 11.2 mg Fe/ml, and 0.2 ml/rat) was rapidly injected via tail vei...

Intro: Children born < 33 weeks gestation may experience diffuse white matter injury from complications of preterm (PT) birth. Previous studies using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) found differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between children and ado...

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in awake behaving mice is well positioned to bridge the detailed cellular-level view of brain activity, which has become available due to recent advances in microscopic optical imaging and genetics, to the ma...

Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef) is a powerful new technique in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that allows for participants to be trained to activate multivoxel patterns associated with the representation of specific visual stimuli (Shibata ...

Most of the currently used methods for functional brain imaging do not visualize neuronal activity directly but rather rely on the elicited hemodynamic and/or metabolic responses. Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the neurovascular/neurometabolic coupling, but the specific mechanisms are still poorly understood. To investigate the role of the two major ionotropic glutamate receptors \[NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) and AMPA receptors (AMPA-Rs)] for the generation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, we used fMRI [measurements of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and cerebral blood volume (CBV)] together with recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during electrical forepaw stimulation in the α-chloralose anesthetized rat. Intravenous injection of the NMDA-R antagonist MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5 H -dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate\] (0.06 mg/kg plus 3.6 μg · kg−1 · h−1) signi...

Understanding the systems level organization of the primate brain involves discovering how function maps onto anatomical structures. Recent advances in the use of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to divide the brain into mean...