The olfactory system is indicated as a route for drug delivery to the brain. The study was conducted to map functional connections of the olfactory system in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and manganese as a transport-mediated tracer. Six male rats were imaged by 1.5T MRI with a bird-cage coil and 3D-SPGR pulse sequence at pre-injection, and 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post injection of MnCl2 into the right nasal cavity. Images were coregistered, pixel-intensity normalized, and stereotactically transformed to a rat brain atlas, then averaged across subjects using fully automated image analysis software (NEUROSTAT). Images at each time were compared to pre-injection using a one-sample t-statistic on a pixel-by-pixel basis in 3-D and converted to Z maps. Identical imaging was done in a rat after stereotaxic radiofrequency lesioning of the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) at +2.2 mm anterior to Bregma (b.). Significant transport of Mn was observed in the bulb bilaterally (z=39.8 for ipsilateral (ip.) t...

In functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), researchers often rely on dynamic Functional Connectivity (FC) to investigate ongoing fluctuations in the correlation structure of neural activity. To fully leverage this non-invasive neuroimaging approac...

The function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) remains mysterious. Univariate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses fail to discriminate between dominant theories, which predict similar univariate responses: the ACC is sensitive to ...

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has revealed brain-wide correlation patterns throughout the human brain, interpreted as functional connectivity. Dynamic Functional Connectivity (dFC) expanded on this technique via sliding w...

The increasing incidence of age-related comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH) has led to accelerated aging theories. Functional neuroimaging research, including functional connectivity (FC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-...

Multiband (MB) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) achieves improved spatiotemporal resolution in clinical neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience research, and is used in public datasets such as the Human Connectome Project (HCP). However, MB ...

Motor adaptation is crucial for performing accurate movements in a changing environment and relies on the cerebellum. Although cerebellar involvement has been well characterized, the neurochemical changes in the cerebellum underpinning human motor adaptation remain unknown. We used a novel magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) technique to measure changes in the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the human cerebellum during visuomotor adaptation. Participants ( n = 17, six female) used their right hand to adapt to a rotated cursor in the scanner, compared with a control task requiring no adaptation. We spatially resolved adaptation-driven GABA changes at the cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar cortex in the left and the right cerebellar hemisphere independently and found that simple right-hand movements increase GABA in the right cerebellar nuclei and decreases GABA in the left. When isolating adaptation-driven GABA changes, we found that GABA in the left cerebellar nuclei and the right cerebellar ...

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is FDA approved for epilepsy, depression, cluster headache, and migraine with over 100,000 patients having received VNS implants to date. However, clinical studies suggest that activation of vagus afferent pathways for ther...

In vivo functional and structural brain imaging of synucleinopathies in humans have provided a rich new understanding of the affected networks across the cortex and subcortex. Despite this progress, the temporal relationship between α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology and the functional and structural changes occurring in the brain is not well understood. Here, we examine the temporal relationship between locomotor ability, brain microstructure, functional brain activity, and α-syn pathology by longitudinally conducting rotarod, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), and sensory-evoked fMRI on 20 mice injected with α-syn fibrils and 20 PBS-injected mice at three timepoints (10 males and 10 females per group). Intramuscular injection of α-syn fibrils in the hindlimb of M83+/− mice leads to progressive α-syn pathology along the spinal cord, brainstem, and midbrain by 16 weeks post-injection. Our results suggest that peripheral injection of α-syn has acute systemic effects ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Its diagnosis is clinical, and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging that is not ideal for discrimination of white or grey demyelination from inflammato...