The effective development of novel therapies in mouse models of neurological disorders relies on behavioural assessments that provide accurate read-outs of neuronal dysfunction and/or degeneration. We designed an automated behavioural testing system (‘PiPaw’) which integrates an operant lever-pulling task directly into the mouse home-cage. This task is accessible to group-housed mice 24-hours per day, enabling high-throughput longitudinal analysis of forelimb motor learning. Moreover, this design eliminates the need for exposure to novel environments and minimizes experimenter interaction, significantly reducing two of the largest stressors associated with animal behaviour. Male mice improved their performance of this task over one week of testing by reducing inter-trial variability of reward-related kinematic parameters (pull amplitude or peak velocity). In addition, mice displayed short-term improvements in reward rate, and a concomitant decrease in movement variability, over the course of brief bouts of...