The periaqueductal grey (PAG) is a region of the midbrain that has been implicated in a variety of complex behaviors including defensive responses to threat. Functional differences in the longitudinal columns of the PAG in animal models have been well e...

Neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI and dMRI, have a high spatial resolution. However, low temporal resolution of fMRI provides less insight of dynamic changes of brain activity. In contrast, electro-neurophysiological techniques, such as electroencep...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Postural instability is a debilitating symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) which is not alleviated by most pharmacological and surgical treatments for PD. Identifying the neural substrates contributing to postural instability in PD i...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used in MRI research to estimate white matter health in the aging human brain, but little is known about which specific DTI indices are most predictive of cognitive function. While fractional anisotropy (FA) refl...

The survival of organisms critically depends on avoidance responses to life threating stimuli or situations. Sensory information about the context needs to be remembered to produce defensive behavior in the same situation. To investigate underlying brai...

Introduction: Cocaine dependence has been associated with structural alterations in brain networks influencing cognitive and affective behavior (Breiter et al, 2006). Volumetric studies in cocaine dependence identify abnormalities in cortical and subcor...

Schizophrenia is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous psychiatric disorder, characterized by psychotic symptoms, motivational disturbances, and cognitive disorganization. Pioneers of neuropathology such as Meynert and Wernicke proposed in the late 19th century that schizophrenia is

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects thousands of people each year. Treatment is currently limited to supportive care which has only a modest effect on neurological outcome. MRI-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRg-HIFU), clinically us...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive rehabilitation training is a promising technique for remediating functional cognitive deficits and neural pathology associated with traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the MRI, qEEG, and neuropsychological...

Introduction: We described a parcellation system of the human cerebellar cortex, which is based upon neuroanatomy and conserves the topographic uniqueness of the individual brain [1]. In the present study we created a volume atlas and a surface atlas of the human cerebellar cortex. This was based on nine cerebellar datasets, which have been previously segmented and parcellated. Methods: The cerebellar cortex of nine adult human subjects was segmented and parcellated into 32 parcellation units (PUs) [1, 2] using T1-weighted anatomic MR images. Registration of volumes and surfaces for the nine datasets was performed using the FreeSurfer system [3]. A volumetric and a surface atlas were created based on these nine cerebellar datasets. This resulted in registered grey scale maps and labeled volumetric and surface maps. For every voxel in the average volume maps we generated a probabilistic distribution of the voxel labels. Similarly for every vertex in the average surface maps we obtained a probability of the ...