Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) is among the most promising noninvasive imaging techniques, extensively used in brain pathology assessment. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) is a disorder linked to a point mutation in PLP/DM20 gene on X chromosome producing an irreversible hypomyelination in affected males. The heterozygous females, carriers of the mutated gene exhibit a transient hypomyelination and oligodendrocyte loss, followed by myelin recovery. The jimpy mouse, a model of human PMD, was used for in vivo DT-MRI brain investigation. Both affected males and female carriers were used to analyze, noninvasively, the sexual dimorphism of white matter in this neurodegenerative disorder and to quantify the hypomyelination and recovery, correlated with histopathology.The myelin loss and regeneration were assessed by calculating and mapping the radial(D⊥) and axial (D‖) water diffusion to axonal tracts, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity. A significant increase of D⊥, caused b...

Social cognition is a dynamic process that requires the perception and integration of a complex set of idiosyncratic features between interacting conspecifics or during the observation of these interactions. A promising nonhuman primate model for invest...

Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a potentially powerful method for illuminating brain network function. Moreover, it has particular relevance for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where abnorma...

Hemodynamic signals, which are often measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging, reflect blood flow change that is tightly linked to the elaborate interplay among excitatory neurons, inhibitory neu...

Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are small foci of blood products, best seen using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques sensitive to iron deposits (i.e., gradient-echo (GRE) T2*-weighted and susceptibility-weighted imaging), frequently encountered in s...

Comparative neuroimaging allows for the identification of similarities and differences between species. It provides an important and promising avenue, to answer questions about the evolutionary origins of the brain´s organization, in terms of both structure and function. Dog functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has recently become one particularly promising and increasingly used approach to study brain function and coevolution. In dog neuroimaging, image acquisition has so far been mostly performed with coils originally developed for use in human MRI. Since such coils have been tailored to human anatomy, their sensitivity and data quality is likely not optimal for dog MRI. Therefore, we developed a multichannel receive coil (K9 coil, read “canine”) tailored for high-resolution functional imaging in canines, optimized for dog cranial anatomy. In this paper we report structural ( n  = 9) as well as functional imaging data (resting-state, n  = 6; simple visual paradigm, n  = 9) collected with the K9 c...

Human cortex appears to thin during childhood development. However, the underlying microstructural mechanisms are unknown. Using functional, quantitative, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children and adults, we tested three hypotheses ...

Objective: Small vessel cerebrovascular disease (CVD), visualized as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contributes to the clinical presentation and possibly the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)....

The combination of functional and spectroscopic MRI with invasive measurements of neural activity in monkeys may help us investigate levels of neural organization revealing both how networks are organized and how small assemblies contribute to this organization. Insights can be gained into long-range neural interactions, learning-related neurochemical changes, dynamic connectivity by means of MR labeling techniques, and plasticity and reorganization following lesions. Insights are also gained into the relationship between the fMRI signal and the underlying neuronal activity that we think it represents. In my talk I’ll describe such applications and discuss their contribution in our understanding of neural mass activity.

Background: Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for contrast agent-free perfusion measurement. Previous studies found associations between pCASL with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomog...