The predisposition to engage in autonomous habitual behaviors has been associated with behavioral disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Attentional set-shifting tasks (ASSTs), that incorporate changes governing the association of discriminative stimuli with contingent reinforcement, are commonly used to measure underlying processes of cognitive/behavioral flexibility. The purpose of this study was to identify primate brain networks that mediate trait-like deficits in ASST performance using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). A self-pacing ASST was administered to 3 cohorts of rhesus monkeys (total n=35, 18 female). Increased performance over 30 consecutive sessions segregated the monkeys into 2 populations, termed High Performers (HP, n=17) and Low Performers (LP, n=17), with one anomaly. Compared to LPs, HPs had higher rates of improving performance over sessions and completed the 8 sets/session with fewer errors. LP monkeys, on the other hand, spent most...