Adolescent nicotine use is particularly concerning due to increased susceptibility to long-term effects and dependence during this critical developmental period. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of thiamine on nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, anhedonia, and depression in rats. Adolescent rats received nicotine (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 21 d, followed by 21 d of withdrawal. Thiamine (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered during exposure and withdrawal. Behavioral assessments were used to evaluate anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms, and biochemical analyses measured oxidative stress markers, serotonin levels, MAO activity, BDNF, and GFAP as indicators of neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex. Nicotine withdrawal significantly elevated anxiety-, depression-, and anhedonia-like behaviors, increased oxidative stress, and upregulated MAO-A activity and GFAP expression, indicating neuroinflammatory effects. Notably, thiamine administration during both nicotine exposure and withdrawal effecti...

Reading words in a second language spontaneously activates native language translations in the human bilingual mind. Here, we show that the emotional valence of a word presented in English constrains unconscious access to its Chinese translation. We asked native speakers of Chinese fluent with English to indicate whether or not pairs of English words were related in meaning while monitoring their brain electrical activity. Unbeknownst to the participants, some of the word pairs hid a sound repetition if translated into Chinese. Remarkably, English words with a negative valence such as “violence” did not automatically activate their Chinese translation, even though we observed the expected sound repetition priming effect for positive and neutral words, such as “holiday” and “theory.” These findings show that emotion conveyed by words determines language activation in bilinguals, where potentially disturbing stimuli trigger inhibitory mechanisms that block access to the native language.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by worrisome thoughts accompanied by overwhelming urges to perform repetitive behaviors. Modern pharmacological treatments for OCD are only effective in 40-60% of patients, have an 8-10 week delayed o...

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An effective oral presentation engages the audience and uses slides to give a clear and concise overview of research material. Panel presentations (symposia, minisymposia, clinical roundtables, and nanosymposia) as a whole should not be disjointed but should draw together several ideas from multiple researchers that relate to a centralized topical interest. Lectures should be summaries or overviews of work in a field, not research seminars. Clearly-stated learning objectives should be presented at the start of the lecture to convey anticipated learning outcomes to an audience with a wide range of backgrounds.

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Animal studies suggest females show resilience to sleep deprivation

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Introduction: Walking exhibits natural variations (i.e., stride length, stride duration) over several gait cycle repetitions that have a pink noise temporal structure. It has been hypothesized that these natural variations are associated with health, an...

A scientifically informed citizenry is critical to a healthy democracy. However, recent reports confirm a pervasive gap in the scientific knowledge, access to resources, and scientific literacy skills of the general public. This is particularly relevant...