Sleep is a universally conserved physiological state which contributes towards basic organismal functions including cognitive operations such as learning and memory. Intriguingly, organisms can sometimes form memory even without sleep, such that Drosophila display sleep-dependent and sleep-independent memory in an olfactory appetitive training paradigm. Sleep-dependent memory can be elicited by the perception of sweet taste, and we now show that a mixed-sex population of flies maintained on sorbitol, a tasteless but nutritive substance, do not require sleep for memory consolidation. Consistent with this, silencing sugar-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in fed flies triggers a switch to sleep-independent memory consolidation, while activating sugar-sensing GRNs results in the formation of sleep-dependent memory in starved flies. Sleep-dependent and sleep-independent memory rely on distinct subsets of reward signaling protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons (PAM DANs) such that PAM-β’2mp ...