Human object recognition is dependent on occipito-temporal cortex, but a complete understanding of the complex functional architecture of this area must account for how it is connected to the wider brain. Converging functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence shows that univariate responses to different categories of information (e.g. faces, bodies, & non-human objects) are strongly related to, and potentially shaped by, functional and structural connectivity to the wider brain. However, to date, there have been no systematic attempts to determine how distal connectivity and complex local high-level responses in occipito-temporal cortex (i.e. multivoxel response patterns) are related. Here, we show that distal functional connectivity is related to, and can reliably index, high-level representations for several visual categories (i.e. tools, faces, & places) within occipito-temporal cortex; that is, voxel sets that are strongly connected to distal brain areas show higher pattern discriminability than les...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a variety of abnormal behaviors ranging from difficulties in social communication to heightened sensory processing. One potential mechanism that can explain how these disparate behaviors are related is ...

It is an important social skill to recognize previously encountered persons when their facial expression or speaking tone (prosody) changes. Specific brain areas have been identified involved in storing neural signatures of individual facial identities,...

Non-heme iron accumulation contributes to age-related decline in brain structure and function via a cascade of oxidative stress and inflammation. Although recent evidence illustrates the negative effects of increased iron content on human brain structur...

Aim: Playing action video games is associated with increased spontaneous use of striatal dependent response strategy during navigation (West et al., 2015). Both video game playing and response strategies have been linked to increased propensity towards ...

Over the past 15 years researchers from many disciplines have demonstrated the ability of machine learning algorithms to accurately detect subtle differences between patients to make disease classifications. Radiomics uses high-throughput extraction of ...

Recent studies revealed biphasic stages of the morphological plasticity in neural tissue of the brain, representing formation and elimination of the structural elements, as learning has progressed over multiple days. Water diffusion-weighted magnetic re...

Faces of different people elicit distinct functional MRI (fMRI) patterns in several face-selective regions of the human brain. Here we used representational similarity analysis to investigate what type of identity-distinguishing information is encoded in three face-selective regions: fusiform face area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA), and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). In a sample of 30 human participants (22 females, 8 males), we used fMRI to measure brain activity patterns elicited by naturalistic videos of famous face identities, and compared their representational distances in each region with models of the differences between identities. We built diverse candidate models, ranging from low-level image-computable properties (pixel-wise, GIST, and Gabor-jet dissimilarities), through higher-level image-computable descriptions (OpenFace deep neural network, trained to cluster faces by identity), to complex human-rated properties (perceived similarity, social traits, and gender). We found marke...

The environment surrounding an individual has a significant impact on his/her behavior change. While people could improve their abilities by comparing with others, there was also a critical view of the competitive environment. This discrepancy might ref...

Gene therapy is a new approach to treat glioblastoma multiform (GBM), which has attracted many scientists around the world as an alternative to existing treatments. Suicide gene therapy is the most common gene therapy strategy against gliomas in preclin...