Saccadic eye movements have been implemented to examine behavioral and neural processes involved in cognitive control. Samples with psychosis show impairments to various aspects of cognitive control, including attention, inhibition and working memory, b...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal drug-resistant epilepsy and has been associated with white matter (WM) damage that extends beyond the epileptic focus (Otte el al; Epilepsia 2012). Neuropsychological evidence of structure-related co...

[Objective] Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is one of the devastating dementia syndromes characterized by abnormal social cognitions and behaviors. Volume loss of the caudate nucleus and decreased size of its fiber bundles were observed in earl...

Introduction In the absence of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), strategies delaying dementia onset by targeting lifestyle risk factors (>30% of attributable risk) are crucial. Here, we characterize the impact of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced adult obe...

Background & Objective: Recent functional image studies have failed to reach consensus on cerebral organization of the native and foreign language. There have been some evidences that first and second languages are organized in identical brain regions, ...

In spinal cord injury, axonal disruption results in motor and sensory function impairment. The evaluation of axonal fibers is essential to assess the severity of injury and efficacy of any treatment protocol, but conventional methods such as tracer injection in brain parenchyma are highly invasive and require histological evaluation, precluding clinical applications. Previous advances in magnetic resonance imaging technology have led to the development of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) as a potential modality to perform in vivo tracing of axonal fibers. The properties and clinical applications of DTT in the brain have been reported, but technical difficulties have limited DTT studies of the spinal cord. In this study, we report the effective use of DTT to visualize both intact and surgically disrupted spinal long tracts in adult common marmosets. To verify the feasibility of spinal cord DTT, we first performed DTT of postmortem marmosets. DTT clearly illustrated spinal projections such as the corticos...

Smell and taste deficit can be diagnostically challenging to the otolaryngologist as patients with Parkinson’s disease are usually unable to differentiate between deficits of smell and taste. Standardized questionnaire and procedures, good medical histo...

Human object recognition is dependent on occipito-temporal cortex, but a complete understanding of the complex functional architecture of this area must account for how it is connected to the wider brain. Converging functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence shows that univariate responses to different categories of information (e.g. faces, bodies, & non-human objects) are strongly related to, and potentially shaped by, functional and structural connectivity to the wider brain. However, to date, there have been no systematic attempts to determine how distal connectivity and complex local high-level responses in occipito-temporal cortex (i.e. multivoxel response patterns) are related. Here, we show that distal functional connectivity is related to, and can reliably index, high-level representations for several visual categories (i.e. tools, faces, & places) within occipito-temporal cortex; that is, voxel sets that are strongly connected to distal brain areas show higher pattern discriminability than les...

Our previous studies have demonstrated that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to non-invasively map dopaminergic drug-evoked activation in awake parkinsonian monkeys. In the present study, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) changes in the nigrostriatal pathway in response to apomorphine (mixed D1/D2 receptor agonist) administration were mapped by fMRI in three unilateral MPTP-treated, behaviorally characterized rhesus monkeys. Then, the animals were implanted in the lesioned putamen with a multi-port catheter attached to a pump placed in a jacket worn by the animals. Continuous unilateral infusion of 22.5 µg/day GDNF was initiated, with behavioral and fMRI studies being resumed six weeks later. All animals showed improvement in PD features assessed by a parkinsonian rating scale and movement speed evaluated by an automated video tracking system. Prior to GDNF treatment, the substantia nigra and the putamen on the MPTP lesioned side were strongly activated by apomorphine, while the o...

Objective: To examine whether impaired olfaction is related to imaging biomarkesr of tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum disease Methods: From January 2015 to August 2017, we prospectively recruited 208 participants [67 h...