The case report of patient H.M. and a series of subsequent works have revealed that the medial temporal robe (MTL) including hippocampus is critical for forming memory. Meanwhile, many animal studies have uncovered that memory trace is stored in cortica...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in persons under the age of 45 years. Symptoms of brain injury might not appear until days or weeks following the incident and may go unnoticed as patients may appear to have recove...

Saccadic eye movements have been implemented to examine behavioral and neural processes involved in cognitive control. Samples with psychosis show impairments to various aspects of cognitive control, including attention, inhibition and working memory, b...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal drug-resistant epilepsy and has been associated with white matter (WM) damage that extends beyond the epileptic focus (Otte el al; Epilepsia 2012). Neuropsychological evidence of structure-related co...

[Objective] Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is one of the devastating dementia syndromes characterized by abnormal social cognitions and behaviors. Volume loss of the caudate nucleus and decreased size of its fiber bundles were observed in earl...

Introduction In the absence of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), strategies delaying dementia onset by targeting lifestyle risk factors (>30% of attributable risk) are crucial. Here, we characterize the impact of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced adult obe...

Background & Objective: Recent functional image studies have failed to reach consensus on cerebral organization of the native and foreign language. There have been some evidences that first and second languages are organized in identical brain regions, ...

Preliminary studies suggest that MRI may be useful for distinguishing between vasogenic edema (open BBB edema) and cytotoxic or cellular edema (closed BBB edema). Cold injury-induced brain trauma (CIBT) is the classic small-animal model of vasogenic cerebral edema. Rats were anesthetized and maintained at 37oC. The skull was exposed, and a cooled brass probe was placed in direct contact with the skull, over the right hemisphere, for 2 minutes. Twenty-four hours later MRI was performed. Images were collected on a 7T horizontal bore MR system with 220mT/m actively shielded gradients (TR/TE = 8/0.05 s, pixel resolution = 115x230x1000µm. The T2 weighted image and T2 map clearly delineated the borders of the infarct. The contrast in both images was maximal at the base of the infarct. BBB integrity was also assessed 24-hours after CIBT from gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced, T1-weighted images obtained 30 minutes after a tail-vein injection of Gd-DTPA. It was noteworthy that BBB breakdown was most extensive along the top...

Traumatic brain injury is one of the most prevalent risks of death and disability in young people, with about 1.6 million reported per year in the US. Some of the most devastating injuries from brain trauma are the rupturing of arteries between the dura...

Smell and taste deficit can be diagnostically challenging to the otolaryngologist as patients with Parkinson’s disease are usually unable to differentiate between deficits of smell and taste. Standardized questionnaire and procedures, good medical histo...