Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects 10 million people worldwide and over 1 million people in the United States. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the potential to discover diagnostic and pred...

We present the first cellular-resolution magnetic resonance (MRI) images of an alert animal. Unanesthetized blowflies were inserted into an efficient home-built gradient probe in a 14.1 T magnet, and images of (20-40 μm)3 voxel size—smaller than the dimensions of many cells in the fly’s brain—were obtained in several hours. The images have exceptional contrast-to-noise levels, and comparison with histology-based anatomical information shows that the MRI microscopy faithfully represents detailed patterns of musculature and nervous tissue common to muscoid species. Even at the highest resolutions we explored, morphological detail was pronounced in the apparent absence of instabilities or movement-related artifacts frequently observed during in vivo imaging of animal specimens. Cellular-level structural information is present in the images and rigorously demonstrable by cross-correlation of the data in Fourier space. Our work constitutes a methodological prerequisite for functional imaging studies at cellular...

Global delineation of the spatial distribution of muscle activity is difficult because of the sampling constraints inherent in electromyographic (EMG) activity recordings. A relatively new approach to study this global activity involves the use of dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) images (T2 weighted) pre and post exercise. Because the “gold standard” for measuring muscle activity in humans is monitoring EMG activity, T2 times need to be shown to correlate with EMG activity and behavioral measures (e.g. amount of effort) of activity. Able-bodied subjects carried out concentric ankle plantarflexion contractions against loads equal to 25% and 65% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) while EMG activity was recorded from surface electrodes overlying the skin over the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), peroneal (PER), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. All subjects had pre and post exercise T2 time measurements and pre-exercise T1 sequences of the right leg while secured in an ...

Comparative neuroimaging allows for the identification of similarities and differences between species. It provides an important and promising avenue, to answer questions about the evolutionary origins of the brain´s organization, in terms of both structure and function. Dog fMRI has recently become one particularly promising and increasingly used approach to study brain function and coevolution. In dog neuroimaging, image acquisition has so far been mostly performed with coils originally developed for use in human MRI. Since such coils have been tailored to human anatomy, their sensitivity and data quality is likely not optimal for dog MRI. Therefore, we developed a multi-channel receive coil (K9 coil, read “canine”) tailored for high-resolution functional imaging in canines, optimized for dog cranial anatomy. In this paper we report structural (n = 9) as well as functional imaging data (resting-state, n = 6; simple visual paradigm, n = 9) collected with the K9 coil in comparison to reference data collect...

Poor awareness that one has a psychotic disorder is common in schizophrenia, and negatively impacts clinical treatment and symptom management. Following our previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of schizophrenia patients, which was suggestive ...

Background and aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination followed by axonal and neuronal loss that strikes women at a significantly higher rate than men. Recently it has been recognized that M...

Human structural neuroimaging studies have supported the preferential effects of healthy aging on frontal cortex, but reductions in other brain regions have also been observed. We investigated the regional network pattern of gray matter using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young adult and old rhesus macaques (RMs) to evaluate age effects throughout the brain in a nonhuman primate model of healthy aging in which the full complement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology does not occur. Volumetric T1 MRI scans were spatially normalized and segmented for gray matter using statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) voxel-based morphometry. Multivariate network analysis using the scaled subprofile model identified a linear combination of two gray matter patterns that distinguished the young from old RMs. The combined pattern included reductions in bilateral dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal and superior temporal sulcal regions with areas of relative preservation in vicinities of the cer...

The common marmoset has become a valuable primate model in neuroscience research. Neuroimaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are essential tools to unveil the anatomical and functional organization of the brain. To facilitate ...

Background- Cerebral aging is a complex and heterogeneous process. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to identify and quantify non-disease-related aging of the cerebral white matter. Increased white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral atrophy...

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease often observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of older adults, have been associated with cognitive function, subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and v...